{"id":4361,"date":"2023-12-14T11:52:35","date_gmt":"2023-12-14T06:22:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/adultserviceau.com.au\/blog\/lung-cancer-in-women-who-never-smoked\/"},"modified":"2023-12-14T11:52:35","modified_gmt":"2023-12-14T06:22:35","slug":"lung-cancer-in-women-who-never-smoked","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adultserviceau.com.au\/blog\/lung-cancer-in-women-who-never-smoked\/","title":{"rendered":"Lung Cancer in Women Who Never Smoked"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> [ad_1]<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-page=\"1\">\n<section>\n<p>Lindi Campbell remembers the date: Dec. 6, 2017. That was when she found out she had <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/lung-cancer\/default.htm\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">lung cancer<\/a>. \u201cI was so shocked,\u201d she says. She had never smoked, and she didn\u2019t know anyone with lung cancer, let alone any other \u201cnever-smokers\u201d like her. That made her feel isolated.<\/p>\n<p>So besides taking care of her own health, she set out to connect with other people who could relate. A year after her diagnosis, she founded Breath of Hope Kentucky, a nonprofit lung cancer advocacy and outreach group.<\/p>\n<div id=\"em-image-1\" class=\"em-mod-image\" ref=\"em-image-1\">\n<aside data-e2e=\"ia-image\" align=\"left\" class=\"ia-module-container ia-image left\" data-metric-module=\"ia-img-soc\">\n<figure>\n<div class=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.wbmdstatic.com\/vim\/live\/webmd\/consumer_assets\/site_images\/article_thumbnails\/other\/nonsmokers_who_get_lung_cancer_headshots\/280x340_lindi_campbell_headshot.jpg?resize=300:*\" alt=\"\" style=\"height:auto;\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><figcaption>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/aside><\/div>\n<p>Campbell has connected with more than 20 never-smokers in or from her state. She noticed something unusual: Only one of those people is male.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s a small example of a pattern that\u2019s stumped scientists: Why are women much more likely than men to get lung cancer if they never smoked?<\/p>\n<p>Cigarette <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/smoking-cessation\/quit-smoking\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">smoking<\/a> is, by far, the top <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/lung-cancer\/lung-cancer-causes\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">cause of lung cancer<\/a>. But about 15% to 20% of cases in the U.S. happen in never-smokers &#8212; people who\u2019ve never lit up or smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in their life.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section><pagebreak\/>\n<p>In the U.S., women make up about two-thirds of lung cancer cases in never-smokers, says Alice Berger, PhD, a laboratory researcher at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s unusual. Cancer is generally more common among men.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn the last 5 years, there\u2019s been a lot of attention on, Why is this happening? And why are women disproportionately affected?\u201d Berger says.<\/p>\n<p>You might remember when Dana Reeve, the wife of the late actor Christopher Reeve, died of <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/lung\/healthy-lungs-smokers-lungs\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">lung<\/a> cancer at age 44. Reeve had never smoked. Her cancer was already at stage IV when it showed up after she got an X-ray because she had a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/cold-and-flu\/overview\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">cough<\/a> that wouldn\u2019t go away. That was back in 2006 &#8212; and cases like hers are still hard to explain.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p>The reasons why aren\u2019t clear. It could be differences in the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/cold-and-flu\/immune-system-function\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">immune system<\/a> between women and men, Berger says. She and other scientists are looking into other factors: gene variants, hormones, and things in the environment like air pollution or radon.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div data-page=\"2\">\n<section>\n<p>\u201cBut that research is still in the early stages,\u201d Berger says. A mix of factors may be involved.<\/p>\n<p>Although Campbell wasn\u2019t a smoker, she had been exposed to <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/smoking-cessation\/effects-of-secondhand-smoke\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">secondhand smoke<\/a>. \u201cI grew up in a home of smokers. There were nine people, and only two of us had never smoked. I was the youngest and the only one who got lung cancer.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Lung cancer tumors in people who have never smoked are often different from those that occur in poeple who have smoked. \u201cThere are distinct differences in the immune landscape,\u201d says Ramaswamy Govindan, MD, a professor of medicine at Washington University in St. Louis.<\/p>\n<p>Most never-smokers with lung cancer &#8212; as many as 78% to 92% of them &#8212; have a \u201ctargetable\u201d gene change, or biomarker, that may respond to an FDA-approved drug, according to research by Govindan and his colleagues. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is a common one, especially in female never-smokers.<\/p>\n<p>Never-smokers with lung cancer need to get high-quality <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/lung-cancer\/features\/how-genes-affect-lung-cancer\">biomarker testing<\/a>, Govindan stresses. These tests are needed to see what <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/cancer\/cancer-how-immunotherapy-works\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">immunotherapy<\/a> medications could target the tumors &#8212; and potentially save lives. And these simple\u00a0genetic tests don\u2019t always check for all the options.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section><pagebreak\/>\n<p>Govindan has this message for doctors: \u201cYou have to look diligently for a potential targetable mutation by doing appropriate testing,\u201d he says. \u201cSometimes we don\u2019t get enough material and we only look for a few genes. If they\u2019re not there [with the first sample], don\u2019t stop there.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>These biomarkers are inside the cancer\u2019s DNA. They\u2019re not something you\u2019re born with. Govindan says only about 5% to 6% of never-smokers tend to inherit a gene that makes them more likely to get lung cancer.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p>Cancer deaths had their steepest drop in the U.S. from 2016 to 2018. That was largely due to a drop in lung cancer deaths, thanks to <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/cancer\/targeted-therapy-cancer\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">targeted therapies<\/a> and <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/cancer\/immunotherapy-treatment-types\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">immunotherapy<\/a>, says Joy Feliciano, MD, an associate professor of oncology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Targeted therapies <\/strong>are different from <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/cancer\/chemotherapy-what-to-expect\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">chemotherapy<\/a>. They go after certain parts of your tumor\u2019s DNA, like those biomarkers. These <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/drugs\/index-drugs.aspx\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">drugs<\/a> don\u2019t help everyone and aren\u2019t a cure. But they work by blocking instructions that tell your cancer cells to keep growing.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div data-page=\"3\">\n<section>\n<p>\u201cIf you\u2019re a nonsmoker and you have a targetable mutation, you can get an oral drug,\u201d says Roy Herbst, MD, PhD, chief of medical oncology at Yale Cancer Center\/Smilow Cancer Hospital. \u201cAbout 70% to 80% of the time, the tumor will shrink.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Campbell had surgery to remove the original tumor from her right lung. But a few nodules showed up in her lung\u2019s left lobe a year after her surgery. In 2020, she had the tissue removed. It was cancer. This time her doctor did genetic testing, which showed that Campbell had a gene mutation called the EGFR-exon-19 deletion. She\u2019s been taking a targeted medication called osimertinib (<a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/drugs\/2\/drug-170434\/tagrisso+oral\/details\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">Tagrisso<\/a>) ever since. Her lung cancer hasn\u2019t spread outside of her lungs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Immunotherapies<\/strong> are drugs that work on your immune system to help it fight off cancer cells. There are different types. These include \u201ccheckpoint inhibitors\u201d to block a protein common in smoking-related tumors.<\/p>\n<p>But \u201cthese tend to not work as well in nonsmokers because there\u2019s not as much inflammation to target,\u201d Berger says. And like targeted therapies, they don\u2019t work for everyone. But in the right people, they can make a big difference.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p>Anyone who has lungs can get lung cancer. But it\u2019s much more likely for some people than others &#8212; especially those who smoke.<\/p>\n<p>Yearly screenings are only recommended for certain high-risk groups. That\u2019s usually heavy smokers who are 50 to 80 years old.<\/p>\n<p>There are no clear guidelines on how to screen for lung cancer early in never-smokers, even if you have a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/health-insurance\/family-history\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">family history<\/a> of the disease. Experts agree that\u2019s a big problem. But it\u2019s not one they know how to solve, yet.<\/p>\n<div id=\"em-pullquote-3\" class=\"em-mod-pullquote\" ref=\"em-pullquote-3\">\n<aside data-e2e=\"ia-pull-quote\" id=\"ia-pull-quote\" align=\"middle\" class=\"ia-module-container ia-pull-quote middle\">\n<blockquote class=\"pq-wrapper\">\n<p class=\"pq-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWe need some sort of early detection methods.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<small class=\"pq-description\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLindi Campbell.<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/small>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/aside><\/div>\n<p>Screening involves getting a scan. But if the scan shows something abnormal, you usually have to get an \u201cinvasive\u201d procedure, such as a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/cancer\/what-is-a-biopsy\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">biopsy<\/a>, to find out if it\u2019s cancer, Feliciano explains. \u201cSo any screening test that becomes widely used has to be something where the benefits outweigh the risks,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div data-page=\"4\">\n<section>\n<p>Those risks include repeated exposure to low-dose radiation (if you get several scans over the years) and lung surgeries to find out that you don\u2019t have cancer. \u201cIt\u2019s not like a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/women\/picture-of-the-breasts\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">breast<\/a> biopsy where you can do it really simply, right at the time of the mammogram,\u201d Herbst says.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe need some sort of early detection methods,\u201d Campbell says. \u201cIf we represent 20% of 230,000 people a year in the U.S. getting diagnosed, that\u2019s close to 45,000 people. That\u2019s a big number.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p>Many never-smokers with lung cancer are diagnosed by chance. A doctor may order a chest X-ray for another health problem and find something unusual in the lungs. That\u2019s what set Campbell on the path to her diagnosis.<\/p>\n<p>She had a little <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/pain-management\/whats-causing-my-chest-pain\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">chest pain<\/a> she blamed on <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/heartburn-gerd\/default.htm\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">acid reflux<\/a>, a passing symptom she thinks was unrelated to her cancer. \u201cBut thankfully, my doctor said, \u2018Let\u2019s just do a chest X-ray to be sure everything else looks good.\u2019\u00a0\u201d<\/p>\n<p>A follow-up <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/a-to-z-guides\/what-is-a-ct-scan\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">CT scan<\/a> showed a 1.2-centimeter nodule in Campbell\u2019s right lung. She says that didn\u2019t \u201cset off alarm bells\u201d for her first <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/lung\/what-do-pulmonologists-do\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">pulmonologist<\/a>. It took another 2.4 years and at least six doctors and nine scans to find out she had lung cancer.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEverything it took to get that early diagnosis for someone who\u2019d never smoked, it\u2019s a miracle I even got to that point, and they did catch it early,\u201d Campbell says.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p>You may not have any symptoms early on, or they may be vague. Campbell had only a very mild cough by the time they found her tumor. And it\u2019s something she would\u2019ve blamed on allergies had her primary doctor not ordered those first scans.<\/p>\n<p>But <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/lung-cancer\/understanding-lung-cancer-symptoms\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">lung cancer symptoms<\/a> in females who never smoked are the same as for anyone else. Here are some things Campbell says she and other women in her lung cancer community had before their diagnosis:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An ongoing dry cough<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/lung\/coughing-up-blood\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">Coughing up blood<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hoarseness or total loss of voice<\/li>\n<li>Shortness of breath<\/li>\n<li>Lung or throat \u201cinfections\u201d that didn\u2019t respond to <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/cold-and-flu\/cm\/rm-quiz-antibiotics-myths-facts\" data-crosslink-type=\"tools\">antibiotics<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<div data-page=\"5\">\n<section>\n<p>Some other signs included:<\/p>\n<p>Experts agree you should look into any health problem that doesn\u2019t go away. Tell your doctor if you have a family history of cancer, and push for more tests until you get the reason behind your symptoms.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI would be persistent,\u201d Herbst says. If a scan shows an abnormal growth, \u201cyou need a biopsy to figure out what\u2019s going on.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p>In 5 to 10 years, Herbst predicts we\u2019ll know a lot more about what raises the odds for lung cancer in people who don\u2019t smoke. He says screening and detection methods, including cancer-sensitive <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/heart\/anatomy-picture-of-blood\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">blood<\/a> tests, are sure to get better, too.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think someday soon, we\u2019ll be able to tell just from the X-ray whether it\u2019s benign or malignant,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p>Campbell hopes for a cure. But for now, she swallows a pill every night and gets scans and bloodwork every 3 months. She\u2019s had one recurrence of her lung cancer, a year after her first operation. Once a year, an <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/a-to-z-guides\/what-is-an-mri\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">MRI<\/a> takes pictures of her <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/brain\/picture-of-the-brain-vue3\" data-crosslink-type=\"article\">brain<\/a> to check for tumors. She\u2019s thankful her treatment helps her live longer. But she wants more funding and research devoted to lung cancer among nonsmokers.<\/p>\n<p>Campbell\u2019s home state ranks highest in the U.S. for lung cancer deaths. And unlike her, few get an early diagnosis. The native Kentuckian hopes her nonprofit advocacy group can help erase the stigma that comes with the disease and raise awareness about nonsmoking survivors like her.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s like the Dr. Seuss book with the dust speck: We\u2019re here! We\u2019re here!\u201d she says.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<p>[ad_2]<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/lung-cancer\/features\/lung-cancer-women-who-never-smoked?src=RSS_PUBLIC\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[ad_1] Lindi Campbell remembers the date: Dec. 6, 2017. That was when she found out she had lung cancer. \u201cI was so shocked,\u201d she says. She had never smoked, and&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4362,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4361","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sexting"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lung Cancer in Women Who Never Smoked - Adult Guest Blog Posting Website for Australia - Adultserviceau.com.au<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Lindi Campbell remembers the date: Dec. 6, 2017. That was when she found out she had lung cancer. \u201cI was so shocked,\u201d she says. 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